用預制構件建造的多層木結構公寓樓

建筑設計： OOPEAA工作室

項目地點：芬蘭，于韋斯屈萊(Jyvaskyla)

甲方： lakea oy

委托方式：直接委托

周期：2011（委托）– 2014（完成1棟）– 2015（竣工）

規模：18650平方米（樓面面積，整體）；14000平方米（公寓）；4650平方米（共享設施）

總建筑師：anssi lassila

項目建筑師：juha pakkala (施工階段)，iida hedberg (設計階段)

其他的團隊成員： jussi-pekka vesala (總平面階段) mia salonen, teemu hirvilammi, hanna-kaarina heikkil?, santtu hyv?rinen

攝影：mikko auerniitty

芬蘭建筑設計工作室OOPEAA已經完成了在庫奧卡拉（kuokkala）于韋斯屈萊(Jyvaskyla)郊區一個住宅區的設計，這是芬蘭的第一幢8層木制公寓樓。通過和Lakea建筑事務所的合作， “puukuokka”住宅區由三棟多層木結構節能公寓建筑組成，鄰近同樣由OOPEAA工作室設計的庫奧卡拉（kuokkala）教堂。建成的大樓是一個大公寓綜合體的第一部分，這個大綜合體將在接下來的兩年里建成。這幢建筑由預制的交叉層壓木模塊化元件建造，采用了由世界最大的紙制造商斯道拉·恩索集團（stora enso）發展的城市多層概念。這個項目是與于韋斯屈萊(Jyvaskyla)規劃部門合作設計的，提供了廉價、高效節能的住房，能容易地適應居住者不斷變化的需求。

由落葉松木材包裹的建筑立面朝向中央庭院，通過凸出的陽臺來活躍立面，并且保持木材的原貌。相反地，較平淡的立面朝向街道，并被刷上一層黑色的油漆。大部分的陽臺是嵌入式的，并設有滑動的玻璃門，覆蓋著外墻的整個長度和高度，周圍的風景盡收眼底。在室內，寬敞的走廊上充滿自然光，通過窗口提供了一系列富有節奏的周邊景色視野。這幢建筑以整個木材表面的高質量和設計方案中經過深思熟慮的細節為特點。

預制元件的使用確保了質量的高標準和最小的延誤，還有減少施工期間其他與天氣相關的問題。模塊化的立方體元件由交叉層壓木制造，它已干燥、適應性強、質量輕并且可以直接安裝。因此，結構同時作為承重和加強部件，還提供了一個防潮層和能夠部分地隔熱。該項目使用的施工方法意味著比傳統的木建筑需要更少的接頭和更少的材料，同時也降低出現安裝缺陷的風險。

“puukuokka”大廈為購房者樹立了低成本、低風險的財務模式。在租賃一個單元超過20年后，租客能成為房屋持有人。在搬進公寓之前，未來的業主要支付適度的首付：房子總價值的7%。剩余的總額就包含在一項國家擔保的銀行貸款里。（Archdaily  翻譯：建筑學院-伍翠儀）

Puukuokka Housing Block

Architects: OOPEAA

Location: 40100 Jyv?skyl?, Finland

Architect In Charge: Anssi Lassila

Project Architects: Juha Pakkala (construction stage), Iida Hedberg (design process stage)

Other Team Members: Jussi-Pekka Vesala (master plan stage) Mia Salonen, Teemu Hirvilammi, Hanna-Kaarina Heikkil?, Santtu Hyv?rinen

Area: 18650.0 sqm

Year: 2015

Photographs: Mikko Auerniitty

From the architect. Puukuokka is the first eight-story heigh wooden apartment building in Finland.  Developed in collaboration with Lakea, it is an energy-efficient trio of multi-story timber-framed flats in the Jyv?skyl? suburb of Kuokkala, neighboring the Kuokkala church also designed by OOPEAA.

The Puukuokka apartment complex is comprised of three 6-8 story buildigns. The first building in the Puukuokka complex is now complete and the other two buildings will be built over the next two years. The complex offers 150 flats with a combined floor area of aprox. 10,000 m2. The buildings are composed of prefabricated modular cubical elements made of cross laminated timber (CLT) utilizing the Urban MultiStory concept developed by Stora Enso. Planned in collaboration with the Jyv?skyl? City Planning Department, the project will visually enhance the townscape while offering affordable, eco-efficient housing that is easily adaptable to changing needs over time.

On the courtyard side, the fa?ade made of larch wood has been left untreated. On the side facing the street, it has been treated with a coat of dark paint. On the courtyard side the fa?ade is animated with extruding balconies while the majority of the balconies are recessed and provided with sliding glass doors covering the entire length and height of the interior wall and opening up vistas into the surrounding landscape. A sense of openness and wealth of light is present also in the shared hallways of the apartment building. They are more spacious than usual and offer a rhythmically arranged series of views opening out to the landscape of forest and hills around. The plan of the apartments is efficiently arranged and the presence of wood in the interior surfaces adds an element of warmth and quality to the living spaces. The building is characterized by an overall fine quality of the wooden surfaces and by carefully thought out yet straightforward detailing.

The use of modular prefabricated elements ensures a uniform high standard of quality and minimizes delays and other weather-related problems during the construction process.? The modular cubical elements made of cross laminated timber are dry, adaptable, lightweight and ready-to install. The CLT frame serves both as a loadbearing and stiffening element, as well as provides a vapor barrier and partial heat insulation. There are fewer joints and less material is needed than in conventional timber buildings. There is also a reduced risk of installation flaws and the modular structure is more dimensionally stable under a moisture attack.

Puukuokka pilots a low-cost, low-risk financing model for homebuyers. After renting a flat for 20 years, the occupant becomes its owner. Before moving in, the future owner pays a modest down payment (7% of the total value of the home). The remaining sum is covered by a State-guaranteed bank loan. The occupant pays off the loan in the form of rent over a 20-year period, after which the flat becomes his or her own. The sales price is negotiated and agreed upon when the lease is signed.